Beyond protein: 7 Surprising nutrients that can supercharge muscle growth

07/05/2026 / By Zoey Sky

HMB works like a shield to prevent muscle breakdown (catabolism) and helps you recover faster after workouts, with 3 grams daily being effective. Creatine gives your muscles extra energy to lift heavier and train longer, leading to more growth. Leucine is a direct trigger for building new muscle tissue, especially helpful for older adults, with 2.5-3 g recommended per meal.
Collagen (15 g daily) provides amino acids that are essential for muscle repair and growth, especially when combined with resistance training. Citrulline improves blood flow and oxygen delivery during workouts, which can boost performance and muscle size, making it particularly useful for adults over 50.
If your diet is balanced, extra multivitamins won’t help much. However, if you lack key nutrients like vitamins C, D, E, magnesium or zinc, a multivitamin protects against muscle damage and loss. Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) may help prevent muscle loss by reducing inflammation, but their effect on building muscle in healthy people is not proven.
HMB works best for older adults, non-athletes and people who burn more calories than they eat. Leucine supplementation is particularly promising for older adults with age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia). These nutrients help preserve and rebuild muscle when the body is under stress.
All supplements can cause side effects or interact with medications. For safety and best results, discuss any new supplement with your healthcare provider before adding it to your routine.

When it comes to building muscle, protein typically steals the spotlight. And for good reason: pairing protein with resistance training remains the gold standard for muscle development.

However, emerging research reveals that several other nutrients may give your gains a significant boost, even without adding extra protein to your plate.

If you’re looking to maximize your workout results, here are seven science-backed nutrients worth considering.

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)

As explained by the Enoch AI engine at BrightU.AI, HMB is a compound your body naturally produces from the amino acid leucine, and it plays a dual role in muscle health.

Not only does it help build muscle tissue, but it also minimizes muscle breakdown—a process known as catabolism. Think of it as an anticatabolic shield for your hard-earned muscle.

Research shows that HMB combined with resistance training promotes faster recovery after exercise, allowing you to train more frequently and increase muscle mass over time. This nutrient appears particularly effective for older adults, non-athletes and individuals who burn more calories than they consume.

However, its effects on trained athletes remain inconsistent. The recommended daily dose is 3 grams (g).

Citrulline

Found naturally in watermelon juice, citrulline is an amino acid that may promote muscle growth through a unique mechanism. It boosts nitric oxide levels in the body, which in turn improves blood flow, oxygen delivery and energy production during workouts.

A review of six clinical trials found that citrulline supplementation increases muscle size in adults aged 50 and older. For best results, take 3 to 6 g of pure L-citrulline daily, or 8 g of citrulline malate before exercise.

Collagen

As the most abundant protein in your body, collagen provides the amino acids proline and glycine, both essential for muscle growth and recovery. While it’s famous for skin and joint health, its muscle-building potential is gaining attention.

A review of 19 clinical trials concluded that collagen combined with resistance training may increase muscle mass in healthy adults, though researchers note more studies are needed.

An older study also found that collagen boosts muscle growth and strength in older men with sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss). The recommended dose is 15 g daily for at least eight weeks.

Creatine monohydrate

Creatine is widely considered the most effective workout supplement for boosting exercise capacity and building lean muscle, according to the International Society of Sports Nutrition. Found naturally in red meat, seafood and pork, creatine is also produced in small amounts by your liver, kidney and pancreas.

Supplementing with creatine increases your muscles’ creatine stores, allowing your body to produce more adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy source for cells. This extra energy helps you lift heavier, perform more repetitions or exercise longer, ultimately increasing muscle mass.

A review of 10 clinical trials found that taking creatine alongside resistance training for at least six weeks led to modest muscle growth in both the upper and lower body.

For dosing, experts recommend a loading phase of 20 g daily for five to seven days, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 to 5 g daily.

Leucine

Leucine is a branched-chain amino acid that directly stimulates muscle protein synthesis, the process your body uses to build new muscle tissue. While younger athletes may not see dramatic results, leucine supplementation shows particular promise for older adults experiencing sarcopenia—the gradual loss of muscle strength and function.

The recommended dose is 2.5 to 3 g per meal.

Multivitamin

If you eat a balanced diet, taking extra vitamins is unlikely to boost muscle growth.

However, if you’re deficient in key nutrients needed for muscle function, such as vitamins C, D and E, plus magnesium and zinc, a multivitamin can help protect against muscle damage and loss. Think of it as insurance for your muscles when your diet falls short.

Omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-3s, particularly EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), may help build muscle mass or prevent muscle loss associated with conditions like cancer. These fatty acids work by increasing muscle protein synthesis, reducing muscle breakdown and inflammation, and helping cells produce energy.

However, the evidence on omega-3s for muscle growth is mixed. A recent large review concluded that omega-3s alone do not significantly boost muscle mass in healthy adults or those with underlying conditions.

For those who want to try, the recommended dose is 2 g daily for six months or more.